I'm definitely no expert...but I do know that my iRiver's input (only 1 input claiming to be "line in"!) is very sensitive. Just this past Sunday, the SDHC hard in my R-09HR corrupted on me, and I got stuck using my old iRiver H120. It was a loud stadium show, recording with AT853 hypers and and a PS-2...the recording has some slight distortion issues. No way would that have distorted using the same mics / power unit and my Edirol R-09HR going line in. It takes a much hotter signal to get decent levels. So, I think the iRiver's sensitive input may have contributed somewhat to your distortion issues.
Hmm, the sensitivity of the iriver shouldn't be a problem as long as you monitor your levels and see that they don't peak into the +0dB domain. rsimms3, did you use the Rockbox safety clip feature? That would at least rule out overloading the iriver.
Also, can you clarify if your naks are stocks or modded - in that case how? Normally, you should be powering them with an internal 9V battery, but they are fairly tolerant, according to Roger Gustavsson here on TS. According to his research, powering them with 7.2V (2x 3.6V 1/2AA batteries) should be sufficient for most situations. On the high voltage end, up to 12V won't do them any harm...
How is the cabling to the CA9100 done? 3-wire with either 2x miniXLR or 2x TRS 1/8"?
If you're in doubt about the CA9100 mic power, you should be able to measure it with a multimeter...