feeding it a digital signal or analog in on the phone?
Analog from an external microphone (optional: pre-amplifier)
I was more curious about after that, namely between the preamp and the recording device if you had a separate ADC so you weren't relying upon the phone's but instead just using it as a bitbucket.
You could record a 1k sine wav. You can visually see the clipping that way.
and assuming you don't hear distortion on playback of that sample, you'd get a rough approximation of max dbu that the adc chip in question can handle before it overloads. That's beneficial if you have an external preamp and but even if you know the mv/pa of a set of mics then it would give you an idea of how that will pair in terms of avoiding overloading.