My current soundcard I use for transfers, an MAudio 192, has died. I need to either purchase a new one (used are around $60) or I was thinking of maybe using an external interface.
Is there a external transfer device that would still record to PC at "the hardware level"?
Or would I need to continue with an internal sound card for this?
USB interfaces are often still referred to as "soundcards" since they take the place of the previous generation of tools - internally mounted sound interface devices. All USB audio interfaces are considered hardware by your operating system.
What are you trying to achieve?
Are you connecting analog (cassette decks, record players) or digital devices (DAT decks, CD players).
Digital inputs can be difficult to come by on a $60 budget but there's always something - like this MOTU USB interface that has SPDIF in/out for $65 on Reverb -
https://reverb.com/item/95385047-motu-audio-express-6x6-interface-2011-present-black?bk=.
No affiliation just pointing it out.
If you only need analog connections the Focusrite Scarlett 2i2 can't be beat in that price range used. No digital connections (other than USB obviously) but the A/D conversion is top notch for a cheap device.
But if you are happy with the M Audio PCI card you can get them for $50-60. Only hiccup is that those devices are really old and many of them may be entering end of life stage on software/operating system compatibility and lack of reliability from age.