At your budget, you have some good options. I think you need to decide on two things, based on what I read in your original post: large (LDC) or small diaphragm condensors (SDC), and all-in-one preamp / ADC / recorder or outboard preamp + combo ADC / recorder (or some other multi-component option).
Mics first. I think it's best to start off with SDCs. They typically have better off-axis response relative to LDCs. Within the SDCs, even with a limited budget you have the option of fixed pattern (like the AT 4041) or swappable patterns (like the Avantone CK-1s). When buying fixed pattern SDCs, often one can get higher quality at a lower price with a fixed pattern mic, but on the other hand swappable patterns provide great flexibility for a variety of recording situations (and learning opportunities). I think at your price point, you won't find tremendous differences in quality between fixed and swappable options, so I'm inclined to recommend something like the Avantone CK-1s for maximum flexibilty. This will enable you to try a variety of polar patterns in a variety of configurations in a variety of recording environments. Like I said: flexibility! That said, not everyone wants all those options, so depending on your interests and intent, a fixed pattern mic may be more suitable.
On to preamp / ADC / recorder...
I'd skip the PS-2 (phantom power) > 9100 (preamp) combo...they're not particularly meant to go together. It would work, but I think you have better options.
I think an all-in-one phantom power / preamp / ADC / recorder is far more suitable for someone (re-)starting up anew (unless one needs to maintain as small a profile as possible). Most of the "full size" (i.e. bigger than the PCM-M10) units provide phantom power, preamp, ADC, and recorder. The quality of these all-in-ones is generally very good. And they're very reasonably priced, especially used (e.g. Tascam HD-P2, available for $400 in the YS, or the Fostex FR-2LE often found around the same price point). FWIW, I've used both and think they're both great options. There may be other all-in-one options available these days, as I've not completely kept up with the market.
Anyway, thoughts to consider. Happy choosing!