There are similar charts around, but the interactive part of that one is very cool, nice find.
I second the recommendation of Bob Katz's book on mastering. It is informative and straight forward about the role of the mastering engineer, what they do and the tools they use. I was a bit disappointed that it does not better address the correction of common problems in the type of recordings we make, but of course most mastering engineers are working on multi-tracked studio recordings, not ambient audience recordings of live music. The general principles apply, but you won't find much on specifics. I found the section discussion parallel or bottom-up compression particularly useful for reducing macrodynamics by bringing up the quiet parts instead of squashing the loud parts. I need to play with it more, but I can get much more transparent compression that way.