There were three types of M 221. The polarization voltage was 60 Volts in the earliest models (designated either as M 221 or M 221 A--though to my knowledge they aren't different), while in the "B" type it was generally 120.
Many years after production had stopped, the U.S. distributor asked Schoeps to assemble a few more M 221 B amplifiers from some of their remaining spare parts, and I've been told that these few amplifiers use 60 Volt polarization, but if so, I don't know why.
Despite the name, the M 222 wasn't intended to re-create the M 221; it's a distinctly different design, and as you've noticed it requires its own power supply and cable. Yes, it's transformerless, which is very nice for high-SPL recording, but most importantly it uses Colette-series capsules and accessories rather than those of the M 221 series. That accounts for the main difference in the sound quality since Schoeps revises their capsule designs from time to time; a capsule of one given type from 1960 or 1970 won't sound exactly like a capsule of the "same" model made in more recent years, even apart from issues of aging and stress during use. Also, you can use active cables, tubes or goosenecks (geeseneck?) with it, which is impossible with the M 221 series.
--best regards