This whole digital microphone thing confuses the hell out of me...
Do they have a built in A/D converter? Do they have selectable bit-depth/frequencies? Sorry... I haven't even begun to read about them. Advantages?
The ADC is right behind the capsule (in the case of the Neumann) - so there is only the capsule and a fet before the ADC - in the Neumann it's a patented 28-bit device.
The AES42 standard sets the bit-rate at 24-bits - the sample rate is selectable (44.1 - 192kHz) and can be free-running (mode 1) or clocked (mode 2).
The 788T is mode 1 operation and clocks the microphones by going through a sample-rate converter.
Schoeps (at the moment) are mode 1 only.
The Neumann and Sennheiser digital mics are mode 2, but can also be operated mode 1.
If you use a controller like the Neumann DMI-2, DMI-8 or RME 842 then these can be clocked from an external clock.
In my own case, running a pair of Neumann KM-D series through the DMI-2 into a Nagra VI recorder - I can set the Nagra as master (as it has an extremely accurate clock) and feed the clock-out from the Nagra into the DMI-2 so the microphones are clocked by the recorder.
Using digital microphones you don't need an analogue pre-amp, so you save money here. Also, as the ADC is perfectly matched to the microphone, you get the best digital transfer - you don't have to back-off your mic. pre. to allow a safety headroom and you don't have to back-off your ADC to allow for headroom as everything is done perfectly in the mic.. The result is you actually get a better s/n ratio at the end.
In addition, as the signal is run digitally from the mic. you don't get any HF loss or RF pick-up affecting the signal as you do in analogue circuits - and you don't have all this analogue stuff in the way which adds noise and distortion as you go along.
I have been using digital mics since December '06 and am very happy - I now have a pair of KM-D with both 183 and 131 heads and an MZD 8000 for my Sennheiser MKH 8000 series mics.
I hope this helps.