aegert, I think someone's been flim-flamming you. Your top photo shows an absolutely stock, ordinary 3-pin Tuchel T 3262 piug on the microphone.
XLR adapters for this type of connector are readily available--Markertek probably can sell you a pair of them ready-made at reasonable cost, or if you prefer, Schoeps and Neumann both offer them for a three-figure price! The mating cable connector is a current production item and is also available from various sources.
Small 3-pin Tuchel plugs were the normal configuration for dynamic and (transistorized) condenser microphones in German recording studios and broadcasting organizations for decades, until XLR connectors became universal during the 1980s. Neumann and AKG also used this connector for their domestic models, e.g. the Neumann KM 84 or KM 86 without the "i" suffix for "international," or the AKG C 451 without the "E" suffix for "export."
Schoeps did make some CMT-series microphones with special connectors for the ORTF (Radio France), but they used Sogie connectors which are nearly impossible to replace today since the only supplier has gone out of business. Their "M 221 F" tube microphones also used this connector (I used to have one of those). In addition, Schoeps has made microphones with large Lemo connectors for the ORF (Austrian radio/TV)--a connector type which defies categorization as either "male" or "female" (good for it, I say--twice as likely to find a date on a Saturday night).
But the 5-pin DIN cable connector in your last photo was strictly a consumer item. It was the normal connector for stereo tape recorders such as Uher, Braun or Revox. If you ever see a Telefunken receiver or integrated amp from the late 1960s/early 1970s, it will have those connectors on the back, just where U.S.-oriented equipment would have four RCA sockets for the "tape monitor" loop.
For that matter the 3-pin consumer DIN connectors were not at all rare--my old Norelco (= Philips) "Carry-Corder" used them for its mike input and its ~line output; again, it was the standard input and output connector for mono tape recorders of all kinds for decades. Yes, the pins would line up with your microphone's Tuchel connector but as I recall there was only a plastic surround, no metal shielding. And you definitely want shielding on any microphone plug, because that's the one place where the modulation leads have to run parallel rather than twisted.
--best regards